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| | | |
Overall effect
|
Heterogeneity
|
|---|
| |
Medication
|
No. of studies
|
OR/HR (95% CI)
|
Z
|
P value
|
I2 (%)
|
P
|
Tau
|
|---|
|
Cohort studies
|
|
Pregnancy
|
Any antidepressant
|
7
|
1.13 (0.93–1.39)
|
1.22
|
0.224
|
61.4
|
0.016
|
0.0437
|
| |
Any SSRI
|
3
|
1.22 (0.83–1.79)
|
0.99
|
0.320
|
64.7
|
0.059
|
0.0749
|
|
First trimester
|
Any antidepressant
|
5
|
1.01 (0.82–1.24)
|
0.06
|
0.953
|
31.9
|
0.209
|
0.0174
|
| |
Any SSRI
|
3
|
1.04 (0.81–1.34)
|
0.32
|
0.747
|
42.7
|
0.155
|
0.027
|
|
Second and/or third trimester
|
Any antidepressant
|
4
|
1.35 (0.96–1.90)
|
1.75
|
0.080
|
46.4
|
0.133
|
0.0552
|
| |
Any SSRI
|
3
|
1.43 (0.84–2.42)
|
1.32
|
0.187
|
71.6
|
0.030
|
0.1549
|
|
Prepregnancy
|
Any antidepressant
|
2
|
1.26 (0.91–1.74)
|
1.40
|
0.160
|
67.1
|
0.081
|
0.0365
|
| |
Any SSRI
|
1
|
1.46 (1.17–1.81)
| | | | | |
|
Case-control studies
|
|
Pregnancy
|
Any antidepressant
|
6
|
1.51 (1.15–1.99)
|
3.00
|
0.003
|
44.6
|
0.108
|
0.0478
|
| |
Any SSRI
|
4
|
1.81 (1.46–2.23)
|
5.50
|
< 0.001
|
0.0
|
0.908
|
< 0.0001
|
|
First trimester
|
Any antidepressant
|
5
|
1.69 (1.17–2.44)
|
2.81
|
0.005
|
46.3
|
0.114
|
0.0756
|
| |
Any SSRI
|
2
|
2.08 (1.54–2.81)
|
4.78
|
< 0.001
|
7.2
|
0.340
|
0.0098
|
|
Second trimester
|
Any antidepressant
|
5
|
1.62 (1.22–2.16)
|
3.31
|
0.001
|
8.6
|
0.358
|
0.0107
|
| |
Any SSRI
|
3
|
1.94 (1.41–2.68)
|
4.04
|
< 0.001
|
0.0
|
0.413
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Third trimester
|
Any antidepressant
|
5
|
1.47 (0.88–2.44)
|
1.48
|
0.140
|
60.0
|
0.040
|
0.1843
|
| |
Any SSRI
|
3
|
2.32 (1.63–3.30)
|
4.68
|
< 0.001
|
0.0
|
0.515
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Prepregnancy
|
Any antidepressant
|
4
|
1.70 (1.43–2.02)
|
6.04
|
< 0.001
|
0.0
|
0.897
|
< 0.0001
|
| |
Any SSRI
|
2
|
1.81 (1.43–2.29)
|
4.92
|
< 0.001
|
0.0
|
0.896
|
< 0.0001
|
